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YOU KNOW ABOUT SINGALE PHASE TRANSFORMER ?????
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Single phase Transformer about
Different voltages are used for the generation, transmission, distribution
and utilization of electric energy. For example, generation of electric energy
is done at 11 kV to 25 kV. For transmission, 220 kV or 440 kV is used.
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Low voltage transmission is done at 66 kV or 33 kV. Distribution is carried
out at 11 kV and 440 V. For certain special use low voltage is used e.g. welding
requires 30 to 50 volts. For all these it becomes essential to convert electric
power at one voltage to the other voltage.
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This is achieved conveniently and efficiently by using
For this, Three-phase transformers are used. In this unit, we shall transformer.
So we first study the Single-phase Transformers
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PRINCIPLE
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Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction.
If two coils are placed such that the flux produced by one coil links the other coil,
then by changing current in one coil the emf is induced in the other coil.
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Two coils A and B are placed near to each other as shown in figure.
Current is passed through coil A ad due to it, the flux produced by
it links with the coil B.
If the current passing through the coil A is changed, the flux linking the coil B changes
and according to the Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, emf is induced in coil B.
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The magnitude of emf is given by e = M ｘ dΦ / dt Where, M = Mutual inductance dΦ / dt = Rate of change of flux
Similarly, By Changing the Current in coil B, Emf induces in coil A.
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PRELIMINARY CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING
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Show in figure. 1 the construction of single phase transformer.
figure no.2 shows the symbol.
In transformer, a coil A with N1 numbers of turns is wound over
one limb of the laminated core made of silicon steel. On another
limb, another coil B having N2 numbers of turns is wound.
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Suppose coil A is connected to voltage source of alternating V1 volts
so alternating current flows through the coil. As a result, alternating
flux produced in the core.
This flux links with coil B and alternating emf is induced in coil B.
Induced voltage can be measured if the coil B is connected to the voltmeter.
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Coil A, which is connected to the supply is called the primary winding
and coil B is called the secondary winding.
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When numbers of turns N2 of coil B are less than that of N1 of coil At the
magnitude of voltage V2 is less than the primary voltage V1.
This is called the step down transformer. But if the numbers of turns N2
is more than N1, magnitude of V2 is more than V1 and the transformer is
called the step up transformer.
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This seems to be interesting that we raised the low voltage to the high voltage.
At the first sight, it looks very advantageous, but we shall study later that when
the voltage is raised, the current reduces in the same proportion.
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In short, the product of the voltage and current on both the sides remain equal.
Frequency of the secondary voltage is the same as that of the primary voltage.
this means that the frequency remains the same.
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CONSTRUCTION OF SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
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There are Two types of transformer.
[1] Core type Transformer
[2] shall type Transformer
Each type of transformer has two man parts.
(1) Core and
(2) Winding
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Figure 3 shows the single-phase core type transformer.
There is a laminated Core of silicon steel stamping’s each 0.35 mm thick.
The vertical part of the core over which the windings are wound is called
the limb and the part joining the limbs is called the yoke.
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Primary winding (HV or LV) and secondary winding (LV or HV) are made in two parts.
LV winding is wound first near the core. the HV winding is wound over the LV
winding. This makes the problem of insulation easy.
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Laminations of the core are interleaved as shown in figure 4.
This reduces the reluctance of the are core. L shaped laminations
are first placed as shown in figure (a over which lamination as shown in Figure
(b) are placed.
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Core is made of laminations and the windings are wound over it.
Diameter Circumscribing circle for the given cross sectional area of
the core should be the minimum, This reduces the weight of copper
required for the winding and core should be reduces the resistance of the winding.
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So ideally, the cross section of the core should be circular, But in doing so, different
sizes of laminations are required which becomes uneconomical, so only three to four
types of laminations are used.
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Insulation is also used. Different types of insulations are used over different places
such as over the conductor, between the two layers of the winding.
between two windings, between the core and winding etc. This includes oil-impregnated
paper, fuller board, bakelite, varnish, enamel, paperboard etc.
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ER. SURENDRA KUMAR CHAUHAN [eengineeringtech.in]